Abstract

Cardiorenal metabolic syndrome represents an interconnected pathophysiological state linking obesity, type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular morbidity. Recent landmark trials have redefined the standard of care with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists. This comprehensive review synthesizes hemodynamic, neurohormonal, and metabolic mechanisms underpinning their organ-protective effects, with particular emphasis on clinical pharmacotherapy decision algorithms, combination regimens, and mitigation of adverse effects.